POTENTIAL ANCESTRAL CONOIDEAN TOXINS IN THE VENOM COCKTAIL OF THE CARNIVOROUS SNAIL RAPHITOMA PURPUREA (MONTAGU, 1803) (NEOGASTROPODA: RAPHITOMIDAE)

Potential Ancestral Conoidean Toxins in the Venom Cocktail of the Carnivorous Snail Raphitoma purpurea (Montagu, 1803) (Neogastropoda: Raphitomidae)

Venomous marine gastropods of the superfamily Conoidea possess a rich arsenal of toxins, including neuroactive toxins.Venom adaptations might have played a fundamental role in the radiation of conoideans; nevertheless, there is torpedo still no knowledge about the venom of the most diversified family of the group: Raphitomidae Bellardi, 1875.In thi

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Formal reasoning about systems biology using theorem proving.

System biology provides the basis to understand the behavioral properties of complex biological organisms at different levels of abstraction.Traditionally, analysing systems biology based models of various diseases have been carried out by paper-and-pencil based proofs and simulations.However, these methods cannot provide an accurate analysis, whic

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Enhanced therapeutic efficacy of Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker in females through sex-specific metabolomic-pharmacodynamic divergence

Abstract Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker (ESW), a Gaming Desk medicinal insect used in traditional Chinese medicine, is renowned for its effects on blood circulation, stasis resolution, and bone and tendon healing.The underlying reasons for the clinical preference for female ESW remain unclear.Previous investigations were limited in scope, focusing nar

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